Description:
The latest distribution management systems tend to incorporate optimization functions for the short-term scheduling of the various energy and control resources available in the network (e.g., embedded... see more generators, reactive power compensators and transformers equipped with on-load tap changers). The short-term scheduling procedure adopted in the paper is composed by two stages: a day-ahead scheduler for the optimization of distributed resources production during the following day, an intra-day scheduler that every 15 minutes adjusts the scheduling in order to take into account the operation requirements and constraints of the distribution network. The intra-day scheduler solves a non-linear multi-objective optimization problem by iteratively applying a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm. The linearization of the optimization function and the constraints is achieved by the use of sensitivity coefficients obtained from the results of a three phase power flow calculation. The paper shows the application of the proposed approach to a medium-voltage 120 buses network with 10 dispatchable generators and 2 transformers equipped with on-load tap changers.
Authors: A. Borghetti, M. Bosetti, S. Grillo, M. Paolone, F. Silvestro
IEEE Bucharest Power Tech Conference, June 28th - July 2nd, Bucharest, Romania
Description:
The paper presents an algorithm for the automatic optimal scheduling of dispersed energy resources (DERs) and of under-load tap changers (ULTCs) position. The aim of the scheduling problem consists in... see more the minimization of the voltage deviations with respect the rated value, of the DERs production deviation with respect the maximum efficiency point, and of the network losses.
The system incorporates also a procedure to facilitate the intentional islanding maneuver of the distribution network. The adopted approach is based on iterative solution of linear-constrained multi-objective optimization problems. The nonlinear power flow relationships are linearized by means of the calculation of sensitivity coefficients to small variations of the control variables (namely, controllable DERs power outputs and ULTCs positions). The algorithm is implemented in Matlab environment to exploit different solvers and suitably interfaced with EMTP-RV for three-phase power flow detailed calculations. In particular, two optimization solvers are adopted: the least square method and the goal attainment approach. The relevant results are compared using the IEEE 34-node distribution feeder as test case.
Authors: A. Borghetti, C.A. Nucci, M. Paolone, M. Bosetti
Description:
The switching of medium voltage electrical motors is typically realized by means of vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs) essentially in view of their elevated number of switching cycles. As known, switching... see more of VCBs generates important transient recovery voltages (TRVs)
that need to be properly evaluated in both VCB sizing and in the power system insulation coordination. As large medium voltage electrical motors are installed into plants typically controlled by means of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems,
maneuvers that involve the motor inrush followed by its sudden de-energization (due, in general, to the intervention of an automatic diagnostic function), resulting into important TRVs, are not unusual. The paper aims at investigating the TRVs due to this specific type of
VCB switching by means of a model implemented in the EMTP-RV simulation environment. By making reference to a real plant, the validation of the implemented models is obtained by comparing the simulation results with some experimental transients provided by the plant data fault recorder. The paper finally discusses the adequacy of different countermeasures by analyzing their effectiveness for the TRVs limitation.
Authors: A. Borghetti, F. Napolitano, C.A. Nucci, M. Paolone, M. Sultan, N. Tripaldi
CIGRE - International Symposium “Assessing and Improving Power System Security, Reliability and Performance in Light of Changing Energy Sources” Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, April 3-6, 2011
Topic 3 – System technical performance
Subtopic 3.5 – Switching and lightning transient on power systems. Impact on performance and measurements
Description:
The paper presents the main characteristics of a centralized two-stage scheduler designed for the integration in the Distribution Management System (DMS) under development in the framework of an Itali... see morean “Smart Grid” Project. The paper first reviews the trends in the automation of power distribution networks, and then describes the two-stage scheduler and its application to typical Italian urban and rural distribution feeders.
Authors: Alberto BORGHETTI, Mauro BOSETTI, Carlo Alberto NUCCI, Mario PAOLONE, Stefano MASSUCCO, Federico SILVESTRO and Sandra SCALARI
C I R E D - 20th International Conference on Electricity Distribution Prague, 8-11 June 2009
Description:
Simple ferroresonance case. In this case the switching of a part of the network comprised of a cable connected to a no-load transformer is carried out. A pole of the breaker fails to open and an impor... see moretant and stable ferroresonance phenomena appears.
The ferroresonance problem, whether in a general circuit or in a power-system circuit, is usually tackled in one of two ways : circuit configuration (i.e series and/or parallel) or nonlinearities (i.e saturation and hysteresis of transformers). A fundamental factor to the occurence of ferroresonance is the nonlinear magnetizing characteristic of the transformer and the capacitive coupling.
In this case a 250 kVA, 20/0.4 kV transformer is used. This transformer is represented by the hysteresis transformer model. The hysteresis element has been used as the magnetization branch of the one-phase transformer model. A 200 m cable is used for the study. This cable is modelled by a PI-section. The short circuit power of the source is about 150 MVA.
In order to reduce overvoltages caused by ferroresonance, surge arresters are installed. Two questions have emerged : will the arresters mitigate ferroresonance, and will they fail during ferroresonance ? Simulations in different transient regimes can be carried out in order to determine the maximal current, overvoltages (voltage at the end of the cable for instance), energy absorbed by the arresters
Description:
Insulation coordination - 225 kV cross bonded cable - protection of the sheath.
In the configuration a 225 kV cross-bonded cable is connected at both ends to an otherhead line. The sheath is prot... see moreected by star-connected arresters.
The modelling used is adapted for the study of Fast-Front-Overvoltages (see IEC 60071)
A current source, with a CIGRE concave shape (See CIGRE 63 document), representing a lightning stroke has been connected to a tower close to the cable.
The case includes the modelling of the different elements of the configuration (cable, spans, arresters...).
Description:
Example of a user defined model. In this case a line-start permanent magnet synchronous machine is connected to a simple power network. This machine, working as a generator, has been modeled by contro... see morel elements. This user defined model is not recomme.
The line-start permanent magnet motor is a high-efficiency synchronous motor with self starting capability when operating from a fixed frequency voltage source. The permanent magnets embedded in its rotor provide the synchronous excitation and the rotor cage provides the induction motor torque for starting. The difference in permeability between the magnet and rotor core also results in significant magnetic saliency and reluctance torque at synchronous speed. At asynchronous speeds, the dc excitation and saliency of the permanent magnets will cause pulsating torque components. When the field strength of the magnet is too strong, a line-start permanent magnet motor may fail to synchronize because of the excessive pulsating torque component from the dc-excitation of the magnet.
The objective of this case is to create a user defined model of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. With this model the user can explore the behaviour of the torque components during a starting run of the generator from standstill. In particular, we will examine the ability of the motor to synchronize with various values of magnet field strength, mechanical loading and rotor inertia.
This case also shows the capabilities of EMTP-RV to create user defined models. This model assembled with control elements is particularly clear. I needed 4 hours to create this model and to validate it with an existing Simulink model ! The user can see the whole model with its equations on one page (see Figure below)
This model is given as an example of user defined model and should not be used for other purposes.
Description:
Authors:
A. Xémard, P. Baraton, B. Bressac, N. Qako, J. Mahseredjian, G. Simard, J. Ribeiro, R. Tarafi, A. Zeddam.
Abstract:
LIPS (Lightning Impact on Power Systems) is a toolbo... see morex based on EMTP (DCG version) and devoted to the calculation of the failure rate of apparatus due to lightning. This software covers direct and induced lightning. It has been developed in a partnership project between France Telecom, Hydro-Québec and électricité de France. The induced lightning nearby the electrical system. It is based on the following computational steps:
1) For each overhead line and underground cable of the electrical system, two equivalent current sources are calculated in the frequency domain, representing the illumination of the conductors by external electrical field due to lightning. These sources are evaluated in the frequency domain, taking into account the variation of the parameters of lines and cables with frequency. The conductivity of the ground is taken as finite. The modal theory is applied in the case of multi-conductor cable or line.
2) The equivalent sources are converted into time-domain and then included in an EMTP representation of the system allowing a time-domain transient computation. this approach and follow by comparisons between induced overvoltages calculated by LIPS and results from the literature.
Tag(s):
Author: gerinlajoie.luc Type: Model Downloaded: 176 times Date: 2012-06-18 Rating: * 0 vote(s)
Description:
Three sequences voltage and current sources are proposed, the positive, negative and zero sequences. The magnitude and the angle are controllable; the carrier is given by the user.
Theses p... see morearts could by used for artificial power swing or unbalances voltages.
Description:
This design introduces an unbalance three-phase voltage source defined by specified symetrical components. The source is initialized and an angle is defined.
This design should be used with versi... see moreon 1.0.2
This source is used to estimate the I2/I1 ratio of a large induction motor.
